Anti-stress Role of Cyanocobalamin in Heat- induced Weight Loss in Albino Rats

To determine the deleterious effects of heat-stress on the body weight and to evaluate the anti - stress role of the Cyanacobalamin. An Experimental study. Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from November 2010 to February 2011. Forty five Albino rats [180-200 grams] were selected and divided into group A [Control], group B [Heat - induced] and group C [Protective]. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups, based on the period of the study. The animals of the subgroups B and C received heat and the temperature was set at 42 C for six hours daily. Group C [Cl, C2 and C3] animals were protected with Cyanocobalamin at the dosage of 0.8 mg/kg of body weight intraperitonealy, two hours before heat induction. All the animals were weighed before the commencement of the study. Blood samples were collected for the hormonal assay of plasma ACTH level. Heat -stress and its consequences significantly decrease the body weight in group B animals. It could be due to hyper activation of the HPA and is and resultant ACTH corticosterone secretions causecatabolism of muscle and other bodily proteins. The prophylactic use of Cyanocobalamin group C animals by its cytoprotective of and anti-apoptotic role significantly increase the body weight and restore ACTH secretions near to normal. Findings of the current study conclude that Cyanocobalamin is beneficial to alleviate the detrimental effects of the heat-stress

Frequency of low birth weight in primigravida reported PUMHS hospital Nawabshah

To determine the frequency of low birth weight in primigravida reported at PMC Hospital Nawabshah. Descriptive case series study. Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and paeds medicine, at Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah, from Jan 2011 to the Dec 2011. this study consisted of 319 pregnant women at 16 weeks of gestational age with singleton pregnancy reporting to the Antenatal Clinic, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department were selected. Weight was measured by using weight machine throughout antenatal checkups. Weight and height was measured by same person rechecked. Their pregnancies were followed to assess the low birth weight. The neonatologist evaluated the babies. All primigravida women in the reproductive age group between >18 to <35 years with singleton pregnancy, normal fetal lie, and Height 5 feet or more were included. Exclusion criteria were patients associated with uterine anomalies [like uterine polyp, uterine septae, submucosal fibroid], smoking, short stature, other medical disorder like diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disorders, epilepsy and asthma. Results were prepared with help of tables and graphs. Data was analyzed through SPSS software. 319 patients included in this study. There was a wide variation in age was noted. The youngest patient was 18 years old and the oldest patient was 35 years old. The mean age was 21.21 + 4.22 years and peak age group for presentation of primigravida in our study is 26 to 30 years. clinical asses the fetal weight and observed 42 [13.16%] cases were <3.5kg weight while remaining 277[86.83%] cases were 2.5 to 4 kg weight. In conclusion, we observed in our study that low body weight of primigravida mother is associated with low birth weight babies

Incidence of benign ovarian tumors in rural areas: a 10 years study in a tertiary care hospital Nawabsha

To determine the frequency of benign ovarian tumors attending the tertiary care hospital Nawabshah. Descriptive cross-sectional study. This study consisted of 419 patients of benign ovarian tumors admitted through the outpatient department, as well as from casualty department of Peoples University Hospital Nawabshah. Detailed history of duration of complain and clinical examination of the patient was done. All patients underwent for base line and specific investigations especially ultrasonography and biopsy sampling for assessment of histopathological examination. All patients in the reproductive age group between 15 to 60 years with any one or more presenting complains of ovarian tumors like abdominal mass, bloating, discomfort, pain or pelvic swelling were included. Exclusion criteria were patients more than 60 years of age, previous history of ovarian tumor and non-consenting women. Results were prepared with help of tables and graphs. Data was analyzed through SPSS software No. 16. 419 patients included in this study. There was wide variation of age ranging from a minimum of 10 years to 60 years. The mean age was 31.68 +/- 5.45 years. In this study incidence of ovarian neoplasm slowly increase per year. Clinical examination of patients revealed that pain in abdomen was the commonest presenting symptom 396 [94.5%] followed by mass per abdomen seen in 297 [70.88%], bloating in 146 [34.88%] and abdominal swelling in 167[39.85%]. Histopathology findings revealed was serous cystadenocarcinoma in 182 [43.4%] cases, mucinous cystadenoma 116 [27.7%] cases, mature teratoma 98 [23.4%] cases, thecoma 16 [3.8%] cases, fibroma in 05 [1.2%] cases and Brenner tumor 02 [0.5%] cases. In conclusion our study revealed that histopathologically most common type is serous cystadenoma followed by mucinous cystadenoma. The peak incidence of benign tumors was seen in the 3[rd] and 4[th] decades of the life

Varicocelectomy high ligation versus low ligation

To find out the outcome of two modalities in management of varicocele comparing high ligation [Paloma's procedure] and low ligation [Ivanissivich's procedure] This observational descriptive study was carried out in Surgical units of People's Medical College Hospital Nawabshah on 60 patients, belonging to age group of 15 to 36 years from January 2002 to December 2006. Patients with varicocele were divided in two groups of treatment modality equally. Group I comprising 30 patients for high ligation whereas 30 patients were kept in Group II for low ligation. Follow up was carried out for two years but response was poor. Varicocele had been observed on left side in most of the cases [95%]. Three cases [5%] presented in Grade-I, 21 [35%] in Grade-II and 36 [60%] in Grade-III varicoceles. Oligospermia was detected in 15% of cases. Group I patients were apprehensive regarding disappearance of dilatation and hanging veins postoperatively seen in 70% of cases whereas disappearance of veins were seen in 93.34% in Group II patients. Complications like haematoma and hydrocele are seen in Group II patients as compared to Group I. Wound infection and recurrence remained almost the same in both groups. High ligation was better tolerated with less complication but did require more counseling regarding disappearance of dilated veins. Paloma's procedure also does not disturb the normal anatomy of inguinal canal

Primary closure of perforated peptic duodenal ulcer

To find out the morbidity and mortality of primary Closure of perforated peptic duodenal ulcer with an omental patch. An observational descriptive study, from February 2003 to January 2006. This study is Carried out in Surgical units of People's Medical College Hospital Nawabshah on 92 patients of perforated duodenal ulcer were included in this study with male to female ratio 8:1. The age varies between 26-45 year with peak age incidence 35 years. The perforation closed primarily with vicry1-0 and supported with omental patch. Peritoneal lavage performed and drain kept in all cases. All patients were investigated for H. pylori and treated with eradication therapy in infected cases. Follow up carried out with upper G.I. Endoscopy at 6 weeks, and then six monthly for two years. Out of 92 cases, only 5 cases had recurrence within two years and wound infection remained the major post operative complication seen in 20% and chest infection in 15% of cases. No mortality seen in this study. Omental patch repair as primary closure of perforated peptic duodenal ulcer is effective surgical treatment with excellent results. The eradication therapy for H. pylori is adequate and comparable with definitive surgical treatment for peptic ulcer

Primary closure of perforated peptic duodenal ulcer

To find out the morbidity and mortality of primary closure of perforated peptic duodenal ulcer with an omental patch. An observational descriptive study, from February 2003 to January 2006. This study is carried out in Surgical units of People's Medical College Hospital Nawabshah on 92 patients of perforated duodenal ulcer were included in this study with male to female ratio 8:1. The age varies between 26-45 year with peak age incidence 35 years. The perforation closed primarily with vicryl-0 and supported with omental patch. Peritoneal lavage performed and drain kept in all cases. All patients were investigated for H. pylon and treated with eradication therapy in infected cases. Follow up carried out with upper G.I. Endoscopy at 6 weeks, and then six monthly for two years. Out of 92 cases, only 5 cases had recurrence within two years and wound infection remained the major post operative complication seen in 20% and chest infection in 15% of cases. No mortality seen in this study. Omental patch repair as primary closure of perforated peptic duodenal ulcer is effective surgical treatment with excellent results. The eradication therapy for H. pylon is adequate and comparable with definitive surgical treatment for peptic ulcer

Management of typhoid ileal perforation: a surgical experience of 44 cases

Typhoid perforation of ileum is a serious complication of typhoid fever. There are different surgical methods of repairing the perforation. The aim of this study was to report the surgical experience regarding treatment of typhoid ileal perforation in our setup. It wa a retrospective, observational study carried out at Departments of Surgery Unit I and Pathology, Peoples Medical College and Hospital Nawabshah from July 2003 to June 2008. Forty-four patients were admitted through causality as cases of acute abdomen, 28 [63.63%] were males and 16 [36.36%] females, with age range of 10-45 years. The diagnosis of typhoid perforation was made on clinical grounds, laboratory investigations, x-ray, ultrasound examination, and operative findings. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out and perforations were managed. The variables studied in the post operative period were wound infection, wound dehiscence, entero-cutaneous fistula, residual abscess, mortality, hospital stay and incisional hernia. Fever with abdominal pain and distension were the symptoms in all subjects followed by diarrhoea, vomiting and constipation Widal test more than 1:320 was positive in 35[79.45%] cases and typhi dot [IgM in all cases and IgG in 15] was positive in all cases. Blood culture was positive in 32 [72.7%] cases. X-ray abdomen revealed pneumoperitoneum in 22 [50%] cases. Ultrasound shows free peritoneal collection in 40 [90.90%] cases. On operation the abdominal cavity was heavily contaminated in 12 [27.27%] patients while in 32 [72.72%] patients the peritoneal cavity was having moderate contamination. 36 [81.81%] patients had single perforation and 8 [18.18%] patients had more than one perforation. In 32 [72.72%] patients perforations after freshening the ulcer were closed by single layered interrupted extra mucosal technique with vicryle 2/0, 4 [9.09%] needed resection and anastomosis and in remaining 8 [18.18%] loop ileostomy was made. The typhoid ileal perforation still carries high morbidity and mortality. The typhoid ileal perforation should always be treated surgically. There are many operative techniques to deal typhoid ileal perforation but no one is fool proof. Regardless of the operative technique timely surgery within 24 hours with adequate and aggressive resuscitation is a way to decrease the morbidity and mortality

Common bile duct pathologies at Nawabshah

To determine the causes, prentation, management and outcome of Common Bile Duct [CBD] pathologies. Descriptive analytical study from January 1995 to December 2006. Surgical Unit-I, Nawabshah Medical College and Hospital, Nawabsheh. All patients who presented with CBD pathologies. Data of all the patients with CBD pathologies was collected and entered on a proforma, including their complaints, positive examination findings, investigation, diagnosis, procedure performed and its outcome. During the study period 45 patients presented with CBD pathology. Amongst them 14 were males and the rest females [31], with a mean age of 36.7 years. Around 67% patients had choledocholithiasis as the commonest cause. Exploration of the CBD with T-tube insertion was the commonest procedure, performed in 69% patients. About 4% patients had retained stones and 20% developed wound infection. Mean hospital stay was 13 days. Most common pathology involving the CBD was secondary stones; 95% patients had associated gall stones also

Prevalence of hepatitis 'B' and 'C' in surgical patients

To find out the prevalence of Hepatitis-B and C in our surgical patients. Prospective, descriptive study carried out from May to October, 2005. Surgical Unit I, Peoples Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah. Patients of either sex, more than 13 years of age undergoing surgery. All the patients in the study underwent screening for Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C The information of the patients was recorded on a prepared proforma, and analyzed. The prevalence of Hepatitis-B was found to be 8.6% [5.8-12.12] and Hepatitis-C 11.6% [8.3-15.6], whereas in 20.33% [16.0-25.1] cases both Hepatitis-B and C were present. The high prevalence of Hepatitis-B and C found by the study suggests a routine, rather mandatory screening of all patients proceeding for surgery

Adhesion formation to incisional abdominal wound in response to polyamide 6 and polyglactin 910 sutures

Frequency of adhesion formation to laparotomy wound scar in response to absorbable and non-absorbable synthetic sutures and closure technique was studied. Polyglactin "910" [synthetic absorbable] and polyamide "6" [synthetic non-absorbable] sutures were compared employing both mass and layered closure technique. Layered closure with polyglactin "910" closure developed maximum number of adhesions to laparotomy scar